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Elias Cornelius Boudinot (Cherokee) (August 1, 1835 – September 27, 1890) was an attorney, politician and military officer in the Confederate States of America during the American Civil War. Chosen as a delegate to the Arkansas secession convention, Boudinot served as a colonel in the Confederate States Army, and was elected as an Arkansas representative in the Confederate Congress. He was the son of Elias Boudinot, editor of the ''Cherokee Phoenix'', the first Native American newspaper, and Harriet R. Gold Boudinot from Connecticut. His father and three other leaders were assassinated in 1839 as retaliation for having ceded their homeland in the 1835 Treaty of New Echota. The Boudinot children were orphaned by their father's murder, as their mother had died in 1836. They were sent for their safety to their mother's family in Connecticut, where they received European-American educations. Following the Civil War, Boudinot participated in negotiations of the Southern Cherokee with the United States (US) before the tribe was reunited; he was part of the Cherokee delegation to the US. In 1868 he and his uncle Stand Watie opened a tobacco factory, to take advantage of provisions under the nation's new 1866 treaty with the United States. It was confiscated for non-payment of taxes, and their case went to the United States Supreme Court, which ruled against them. Boudinot began to lobby for Native Americans to be granted United States citizenship in order to be protected by the Constitution. He was active in politics and society in Indian Territory and Washington, DC, supporting construction of railroads. He worked for two Arkansas politicians. He advocated termination of Cherokee sovereignty and allotment of land to tribal members, as was passed under the Dawes Act, and worked for the formation of the state of Oklahoma. In his 2011 history of America's transcontinental railroads, the historian Richard White writes of Boudinot: "() became a willing tool of the Atlantic and Pacific Railroad.... If the competition were not so stiff, Boudinot might be ranked among the great scoundrels of the Gilded Age." ==Early life and education== Born August 1, 1835 near Rome, Georgia, Boudinot was the son of Elias Boudinot, a Cherokee National leader, and his wife Harriet Ruggles Gold (1805–1836) from a prominent family in Cornwall, Connecticut and of English descent. They had met there when his father was a student at a school for Native Americans. His father served as editor of the ''Cherokee Phoenix'' from 1828-1832; it was the first newspaper founded by a Native American nation. He published articles in English and Cherokee, and had type cast for the syllabary developed by Sequoyah. The newspaper was distributed across the United States and internationally. His parents named the boy after the missionary Elias Cornelius, who had selected his father to attend the Foreign Mission School. Elias was the fifth of six children. The year the boy was born, his father and other leaders had signed the Treaty of New Echota, ceding the remainder of Cherokee lands in the Southeast in exchange for Removal to Indian Territory west of the Mississippi River. Boudinot's mother Harriet died in 1836, several months after her seventh child was stillborn. The family moved to Indian Territory prior to the forced removal of 1838. In 1839, when Boudinot was four years old, his father and other Treaty Party leaders were assassinated by Cherokee opponents for having given up the tribal lands. His uncle Stand Watie survived an attack the same day. For their safety, Boudinot and his siblings were sent back to Connecticut to their mother's family. The Golds ensured the children received good educations. As a youth, Boudinot studied engineering in Manchester, Vermont.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Elias Cornelius Boudinot」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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